How the EU crafts its legal acts and shapes policies across Europe
The European Union adopts laws through a structured process involving key institutions. Unlike national governments, the EU does not use the term laws—instead, it refers to legal acts. These rules cover everything from consumer rights to environmental standards, shaping policies across member states.
The European Commission holds the sole power to propose new legislation. However, the European Parliament or member states can formally request a proposal if they see a need for action. Once a topic gains enough attention—often measured against the Commission’s perception thresholds—the responsible department, such as the Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers (DG JUST), drafts the final text.
The EU’s legal framework relies on a mix of regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations, and opinions. Each type serves a distinct purpose, from directly applicable rules to guidelines for member states. Without adoption, proposals can be revised or sent back for further negotiation, ensuring policies remain adaptable over time.
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